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Modified vaccinia Ankara : ウィキペディア英語版 | Modified vaccinia Ankara The Modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA) is an attenuated vaccine of a poxvirus.〔G. Antoine, F. Scheiflinger, F. Dorner, F. G. Falkner: ''The complete genomic sequence of the modified vaccinia Ankara strain: comparison with other orthopoxviruses.'' In: ''Virology.'' Band 244, Nummer 2, Mai 1998, , S. 365–396, , PMID 9601507.〕〔J. S. Kennedy, R. N. Greenberg: ''IMVAMUNE: modified vaccinia Ankara strain as an attenuated smallpox vaccine.'' In: ''Expert review of vaccines.'' Band 8, Nummer 1, Januar 2009, , S. 13–24, , PMID 19093767.〕 It was licensed and used as a poxvirus vaccine in Bavaria and is a vector for vaccination against non-poxvirus diseases. == Properties == Vaccinia viruses re-engineered to express foreign genes are vectors for production of recombinant proteins, the most common being a vaccine delivery system for antigens. Concerns about the safety of the vaccinia virus have been addressed by the development of vectors based on attenuated vaccinia viruses. One of them, the ''Modified Vaccinia Ankara'' (''MVA) virus, is a highly attenuated strain of vaccinia virus that was developed towards the end of the campaign for the eradication of smallpox by Anton Mayr in Germany. Produced by more than 500 passages of vaccinia virus in chicken cells (''chicken embryo fibroblast'', MVA has lost about 10% of the vaccinia genome and with it the ability to replicate efficiently in primate cells. A recombinant MVA-based vector for vaccination with different fluorescent reporter genes was developed by Antonio Siccardi, which indicate the progress of genetic recombination with the transgene of an antigen (green, colorless, red).〔G. Di Lullo, E. Soprana, M. Panigada, A. Palini, Volker Erfle, C. Staib, G. Sutter, A. G. Siccardi: ''Marker gene swapping facilitates recombinant Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara production by host-range selection.'' In: ''Journal of virological methods.'' Band 156, Nummer 1–2, März 2009, , S. 37–43, , PMID 19038289.〕〔E. Soprana, M. Panigada, M. Knauf, A. Radaelli, L. Vigevani, A. Palini, C. Villa, M. Malnati, G. Cassina, Reinhard Kurth, S. Norley, A. G. Siccardi: ''Joint production of prime/boost pairs of Fowlpox Virus and Modified Vaccinia Ankara recombinants carrying the same transgene.'' In: ''Journal of virological methods.'' Band 174, Nummer 1–2, Juni 2011, , S. 22–28, , PMID 21419167.〕
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